Wednesday 14 July 2010

Fence plots with a some-liner

About this time last year, I showed how one can produce fence plots in gnuplot, even if the data is from a file, not from a function. (The function plot is somewhat trivial, you can find it amongst the demos.) I used some heavy data processing then, though everything was handled in gnuplot. With the arrival of version 4.4, all that machinery can be made much simpler. If you continue on reading, you fill find a quite straightforward and flexible method.

For a start, we will need some data. Instead of generating it in gnuplot, I will just post my data file, which reads as follows

1 2 3 1 2 5
2 2 4 2 3 1
3 4 3 6 1 1
4 2 3 1 1 4
5 3 2 5 4 3
6 2 3 6 5 3
We have six columns here, but only five are the data: the first columns is for indexing, or whatever you like. This does not change the idea. In what follows, I will call this file '3fill.dat'

Now, our first script looks like this

reset
unset key
unset colorbox
set ytics offset 0,-1
set ticslevel 0
min = 0
col = 5

DATA = ""
DATA2 = ""
PALETTE = "set palette defined ("

pr(x, y) = sprintf("%f %f\n", x, y)
zero_line(x, y) = DATA.sprintf("\n").DATA2.sprintf("\n%f %f\n", x, y)
zero_pal(x) = sprintf("%d %.3f %.3f %.3f", x, rand(0), rand(0), rand(0))

f(x, y) = ($0 == 0 ? (DATA = zero_line($1, x), DATA2 = pr($1, min), PALETTE = PALETTE.zero_pal(y).", ") : \
        (DATA = DATA.pr($1, x), DATA2 = DATA2.pr($1, min)), x)

plot for [i=2:col+1] '3fill.dat' u 1:(f(column(i), i))

DATA = DATA.sprintf("\n").DATA2

set print '3fill.tab'
print DATA
set print

eval(PALETTE.zero_pal(col+2).")")

splot for [i=0:col-1] '3fill.tab' every :::(2*i)::(2*i+1) u 1:(i):2:(i+2) w pm3d
and the figure produced is here


Once you absorb it, the script is really simple. The first line where something actually happens is where we define DATA, DATA2, and PALETTE. What we will do is to read in the data from the file, and then add the numbers to a string. Once we have read all data, we print the string to a file, and then use that file as our new data file. The reason for this is that we have, in some sense, for to duplicate our data: in each column, we have one set of data, and what this set determines is a curve. In order to produce a fence, however, we need a surface. The simples way of getting this surface is to print the data twice. Of course, we have to modify the data a bit, but this is the only trick here.

We define three functions, pr, which is just a short-hand for formatted printing of two numbers, zero_line, which is again, a printing routine, when the record number is zero, i.e., when we are processing the first data point in each column, and zero_pal, which generates a new palette colour, as we enter a new column. If you are satisfied with some readily available palette, you can skip this function, and any calls to it.

Next, we define a function, f(x,y), which makes use of the three above-mentioned functions, and amounts to the data-duplication process. In order to reduce the complexity of the problem, we will print each column, and its duplicate in the same file. This, however, means that we have got to differentiate between various data sets. We do this by inserting and extra blank line each time we are faced with a new column. This is why we have to distinguish the $0 == 0 case in f(x,y). Also, the palette has to be re-defined only if there is a new data set.

If you watch carefully here, there are two strings, DATA, and DATA2. DATA2 is to hold the duplicate, while DATA is an ever-expanding string with the original, and the duplicate data. In the duplicate, we don't actually hold any duplicate, we simply print the indices (these are in the first column), and a constant number, min, which we defined at the very beginning. The value of this determines how tall (or how deep) the fences will be.

In order to generate the duplicated data set, first we call a dummy plot with f(x,y), add the last duplicate, DATA2 to DATA (this is required, because we concatenate DATA and DATA2 only, when $0 == 0, i.e., the last data set is not added to DATA automatically. Having defined DATA, we print the everything to a file. Note that we could process a number of columns easily, thanks to the for loop in the dummy plot.

At this point, we have everything in the new data file, we have only got to plot it. Recall, that all columns are in one file now, and we have to separate them in the new plot. This is why we use the 'every' keyword when stepping through the data sets.

We can easily add a grid to the figure, if we call another plot at the very end of our script: just add

for [i=0:col-1] '3fill.tab' every :::(2*i)::(2*i+1) u 1:(i):2 w l lt -1

after the last line, and get the following figure

If the order of the plots is exchanged, the "wires" will be covered by the panes of the fence, so it will not give this impression of semi-transparency. This is it for today. In my next post, I will elaborate on for what else we can use the trick above.
Cheers,
Zoltán

11 comments:

  1. This is cool. I want to graph the tides, each 24 period would be a fence (if I understand correctly what you mean by this). I was unable to get this to work. I have hourly tide levels, 24 per day on each line, for 31 lines.

    Then again, I'm not sure I understand how to use this. Would I load the script? Is it an awk script?

    Thanks anyway...

    ReplyDelete
  2. Greetings Alan,

    You have to load the script, but everything is done in gnuplot. You don't need awk. Just copy and paste everything to a file called 'script.gnu', and then issue

    gnuplot> load 'script.gnu'

    in your gnuplot prompt. As long as the data is in a matrix, it should work. However, this whole concept depends on the new function structure in gnuplot 4.4, so it won't work with 4.2 or earlier versions. If, for some reason, you don't have it, this can very easily be done with a call to gawk, if you don't mind that. Let me know, if you need help with that.
    Cheers,
    Zoltán

    ReplyDelete
  3. Is it possible to give this fence a certain width (like dx in the fences generated by the function)?

    ReplyDelete
  4. This is great blog..
    Lots of info about gnuplot..
    I am having a small question..
    Whether we intrapolate in gnuplot or not??
    If yes then can we number of points on which we want intrapolation data...

    ReplyDelete
  5. Hello Sonal,

    Thanks for visiting! And to answer your question, you can interpolate data. You can use the 'smooth' option on 2D plots to fill in the space between two data point, and to make the curve, well, smooth. If necessary, you can then print the interpolated data to file, and further manipulate it.
    I hope this helps,
    Zoltán

    ReplyDelete
  6. Hello nic,

    > Is it possible to give this fence a certain width (like dx in the fences generated by the function)?

    Yes, and no. No, because there is no easy way, and yes, because there is a hard one. You could look at one of my older posts, http://gnuplot-tricks.blogspot.com/2009/08/return-of-wall-chart-entirely-in.html e.g., to see how you can do this. I should warn you, however, that this won't be a one-liner:) Now, that was a year ago, when gnuplot 4.4 was still in the development stage, so one hadn't the conveniences of the new function definition, for instance. In my post http://gnuplot-tricks.blogspot.com/2010/02/map-inline-function-and-macro.html , you can find some tricks as to how you can by-pass the for loops to make the scripts shorter and simpler.
    Cheers,
    Zoltán

    ReplyDelete
  7. When I'm trying to plot this example I only get a 2d plot of the points. What could be wrong ?
    I've tried under Windows and Linux...same effect

    ReplyDelete
  8. Hello,

    Thanks for a nice blog on Gnuplot.

    I am wondering if it is possible to create fence (or wall) plots from data containing not only the "z" value but also an "x" value. In your plots each fence is numbered 1,2,3... which is fine, but on the last axis you have [a.u.] going from 1 to 6, and this is where I would rather have my "x" values.

    Cheers,
    Kristian

    ReplyDelete
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